Moving Guns Out of State
Fact Checked by: We help thousands of people move every month, and we know how to transport firearms the right way, whether you’re driving, flying, or using a moving company. This guide will help you protect your rights, avoid fines, and keep your move on track.
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Federal and state laws for firearm transport
Transporting firearms across state lines means following both federal and state laws. The Firearm Owners Protection Act (FOPA) provides limited federal protection for lawful firearm owners traveling between states.
However, each state sets its own rules for transport, permits, and restrictions. Local city or county laws may add further requirements, so checking every jurisdiction along your route is critical.
- Federal law (FOPA): Generally requires firearms to be unloaded and placed in a locked, hard-sided container that’s not readily accessible from the passenger compartment.
- State laws: Rules for transport, carry, magazines, and specific firearm types differ widely. Some states are lax, while others have strict requirements or bans.
- Local laws: Cities and counties may impose additional restrictions on top of state rules, especially in large cities.
Penalties for violations can range from fines to felony charges. Do your homework before you travel:
- Map out every state (and D.C.) you’ll pass through and note planned stops.
- Check official state police or attorney general websites for firearm transport rules.
- Print or save copies of the current laws for reference while traveling.
Here’s a quick look at how firearm transport laws differ in key states (always verify the latest details before departure):
| State | Permissiveness | Key rules (summary) | Official resource |
|---|---|---|---|
| Texas | Permissive | No permit for transport; open carry allowed in many situations (follow current statute) | Texas DPS |
| Vermont | Very permissive | No permit required for carry or transport (review town/local rules) | Vermont State Police |
| California | Restrictive | Handguns must be unloaded, in a locked case, not accessible; certain firearms and magazines restricted | CA DOJ Firearms |
| New York | Very restrictive | State and NYC rules are strict; limited transport allowances; check specifics before any stop | NY State Police |
| Maryland | Restrictive | Magazine limits and transport conditions apply; firearms must be unloaded and cased | MD State Police |
For a comprehensive reference, review the ATF’s State Laws and Published Ordinances.
Firearm condition and storage requirements
Safe and legal firearm transport starts with proper preparation and storage. In most jurisdictions, firearms must be unloaded and secured during transit.
Unloaded firearms, no exceptions
- Remove all magazines and ammunition: Double-check chambers and magazines to ensure nothing is loaded before packing.
- Physically inspect each firearm: Use a chamber flag if you have one, and document the condition with photos for your records.
- Maintain an inventory: Record the make, model, and serial number for insurance and verification if questioned.
Locked, hard-sided containers
Firearms should travel in a locked, hard-sided case and never a glove box or soft bag. Many states also require that the case be inaccessible to passengers.
- Choose a secure case: Select a case that resists prying and accepts sturdy padlocks or integrated locks.
- For road trips: Prefer non-TSA padlocks so only you can open the case; keep the key or combo on your person.
- Store ammunition separately: When possible, place the ammo in a second locked container to comply with stricter states.
If you’re driving a hatchback or SUV without a trunk, secure the locked firearm case in the rear cargo area, away from passengers and within the letter of local law.
Pro tip: Keep firearms and ammo as far from passengers as possible. Avoid under-seat storage or anywhere “within immediate reach.”
How to transport firearms by air: Flying with guns step-by-step
Flying with firearms requires strict compliance with TSA and airline rules. Mistakes can lead to missed flights, confiscation, or criminal charges. Preparation is key.
TSA and airline rules
- Unloaded in a locked, hard-sided case: Only you should have the key or combination; keep it accessible at check-in.
- Checked baggage only: Firearms are never permitted in carry-on luggage.
- Declare at check-in: Tell the airline agent, complete required forms/tags, and follow staff instructions.
- Ammunition packaging: Ammo must be packed in original fiber/metal/plastic boxes or secure ammo cases, never loose or in loaded magazines where prohibited.
- Airline limits: Many carriers cap ammunition at 11 lbs. (5 kg) per passenger; verify with your airline.
International and ATF rules
International moves add additional layers. Always declare firearms and ammo with U.S. Customs and verify the destination country’s laws well in advance.
- Import permits: Some countries require permits; others prohibit civilian firearms entirely. Confirm before booking.
- Official resources: Review the TSA firearms guidance and the ATF FAQs for updated rules.
Step-by-step air travel checklist
- Unload and inspect every firearm before you pack.
- Place each firearm in a hard-sided case with a non-TSA lock; pack ammo separately in approved packaging.
- Arrive early, declare at the ticket counter, and follow airline instructions.
- Stay with your case during screening; provide the key/combination only if requested by staff.
- Retain receipts, declarations, and baggage claim tags for your records.
If your checked bag with a firearm goes missing, notify airline staff immediately and contact local law enforcement at your destination.
How to transport firearms in vehicles: Cars, SUVs, and rentals
Whether you’re using your own car or a rental truck, safe storage and accessibility are essential. The goal is to keep firearms unloaded, locked, and not readily accessible.
Standard cars with trunks
- Use the trunk: Place the locked firearm case in the trunk, separate from ammunition when possible.
- Control access: Keep keys or combinations on your person, not in the glove box or center console.
Hatchbacks, SUVs, and vehicles without trunks
- Cargo area placement: Secure the locked case in the rear cargo area, as far from seats as possible.
- Prevent shifting: Strap down the case to anchor points to maintain stability under braking.
Rental vehicles (including moving trucks)
- Apply the same rules: Rental agreements rarely mention firearms, but you must follow all federal/state/local laws.
- Separate from household goods: In a moving truck or van, lock firearms apart from general cargo and keep ammo separate.
Ammunition transport: Rules and best practices
Ammunition is regulated separately from firearms during transport. Handle it with the same care and attention to state rules.
- Separate locked container: Transport ammo in its own locked case whenever you can, away from firearms.
- Air travel limits: Pack ammo in original packaging or a dedicated ammo box and observe airline limits (commonly 11 lbs./5 kg).
- Movers won’t take ammo: Never include ammunition with household goods; major moving companies uniformly prohibit it.
Permit reciprocity and non-permissive states
Permit rules can change the moment you cross a state line. Some states do not honor out-of-state permits and have strict transport rules.
- Check reciprocity: Use a current reciprocity resource (e.g., the USCCA map) to see where your permit is valid.
- In restrictive states: Keep firearms locked, unloaded, and inaccessible at all times; limit stops to fuel, food, or emergencies.
- If stopped by law enforcement: Stay calm with your hands visible, explain you are transporting unloaded firearms lawfully, and provide documentation if requested. Do not reach for the firearm.
Some states lack broad “safe passage” protections. In places like New Jersey and Maryland, avoid unnecessary overnight stops and never carry concealed without a permit recognized by that state.
Moving company policies: Will movers transport firearms?
Interstate moving companies are legally permitted to transport firearms in accordance with state and federal laws. But whether they actually will is another question altogether.
They generally decide on an individual basis if they’ll pack and move their customer’s guns based on a few factors.
- Ask before you book: Request your mover’s written policy. If any exceptions exist, get them documented.
- Unloaded and properly packed only: If a mover permits firearms, they must be unloaded and secured in locked cases; ammo is not allowed.
- Discreet labeling: Avoid boxes marked “firearms” or “guns.” Use neutral terms like “sporting goods” where labeling is necessary.
- Gun safes: Movers may handle empty safes. Confirm weight limits, stair fees, and insurance coverage in advance.
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Packing and labeling guidance: Step-by-step instructions
Careful packing prevents damage and helps keep your transport compliant. Follow these steps to protect both your firearms and your peace of mind.
How to pack firearms for transport
- Unload and inspect every firearm, verifying each chamber and magazine is empty.
- Wrap each firearm in a soft cloth, gun sock, or bubble wrap to prevent cosmetic damage.
- Place firearms in locked, hard-sided cases with foam inserts to limit movement.
- If using a mover, disclose the presence of a safe (empty) and follow their packing guidelines.
- Create an inventory with serial numbers, make/model, and photos; consider supplemental moving insurance for high-value items.
Legal consequences: Why compliance matters
Non-compliance can derail your move and have lasting consequences. Understand the risks before you hit the road.
- Fines: Depending on the state and offense, penalties can reach thousands of dollars.
- Confiscation: Law enforcement may seize firearms and ammunition if laws are violated.
- Felony charges: Especially likely in strict jurisdictions and in cases involving prohibited items or conduct.
- Loss of rights: Certain convictions can result in permanent loss of firearm ownership rights.
Because laws change, recheck official sources shortly before your move and keep copies of relevant statutes with you.
Special considerations: Eligibility and restrictions
Federal law prohibits certain individuals from possessing or transporting firearms. If you’re unsure about your status, verify before moving to avoid serious legal exposure.
- Prohibited persons: Includes many felony convictions, certain domestic violence offenses, specific mental health adjudications, and individuals under qualifying restraining orders.
- Military and non-citizens: Those dishonorably discharged and certain non-citizens may be barred from possession or transport.
- Check eligibility: Consult an attorney or review the ATF’s eligibility guidance if you have any doubt.
Step-by-step legal transport checklist
Before you travel, use this checklist to keep your move legal and hassle-free:
- List all states and localities along your route (including planned stops).
- Research and print relevant firearm laws for each jurisdiction.
- Unload all firearms; inspect chambers and magazines and document condition.
- Pack each firearm in a locked, hard-sided container; keep keys/combinations on you.
- Store ammunition in a separate, locked container, ideally in original boxes.
- Vehicles: Place locked containers in the trunk or rear cargo area, inaccessible from the cabin.
- Air travel: Declare at check-in and follow TSA/airline rules; retain receipts and tags.
- Keep permits, serial-number inventory, and printed laws with you.
- Plan fuel, food, and lodging stops in more permissive states when possible.
- Coordinate with movers in advance regarding empty safes and specialty handling.
FAQs
Can I stay overnight in a restrictive state if I’m transporting firearms?
FOPA protections generally apply while you are continuously “in transit” between two lawful locations. An overnight stay in a restrictive state can complicate that protection. If you must stop, keep firearms locked, unloaded, and inaccessible, avoid handling them, and verify local laws before booking lodging.
What should I do if I’m stopped by police while transporting firearms?
Stay calm with your hands visible and follow instructions. Inform the officer that you are transporting unloaded firearms in accordance with the law and be prepared to provide identification and documentation. Do not reach for the firearm; only access containers if specifically instructed.
What if my checked bag with a firearm gets lost during air travel?
Report it immediately to airline staff and local law enforcement at your arrival airport. Provide your declaration form and baggage details, then follow the airline’s and law enforcement’s procedures for recovery and documentation.
Move smart, move legal
Learning how to transport firearms is more than just following rules — it’s about protecting your investment and your peace of mind. Plan ahead, verify the latest laws, and document your compliance to avoid headaches on moving day.
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